In cyber insurance, bodily injury refers to physical harm or death of a person, resulting from technology failures or cyberattacks—such as ransomware affecting hospital systems, compromised industrial controls causing accidents, or IoT device malfunctions. Most cyber policies explicitly exclude bodily injury, while general liability policies increasingly exclude cyber-originating events, creating coverage gaps where neither policy responds. Limited endorsements are emerging for healthcare and manufacturing sectors, but with substantial sub-limits and narrow triggers. Organisations using technology that could affect physical safety should review both cyber and general liability policies to identify gaps, potentially requiring standalone coverage or negotiated endorsements.
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